Structure and key themes

A Short History of the English People is divided into eight major books or sections, each covering a significant epoch in English history. These include:

  1. The English Kingdoms (449–1071) – tracing the Anglo-Saxon settlement, conversion to Christianity, the rise of Wessex, and finally the Norman Conquest.


  2. The English Towns (1071–1204) – examining how Norman rule changed England, the growth of towns, and the early struggles for freedom.


  3. The Charter (1204–1291) – focusing on the reigns of John and Henry III, the granting of Magna Carta, and the first development of Parliament.


  4. The Parliament (1291–1461) – detailing the evolution of representative government during the later Middle Ages, the Hundred Years’ War, and the Wars of the Roses.


  5. The Monarchy (1461–1540) – exploring the Tudor consolidation of power, the Reformation Parliament, and the beginnings of the English Church’s break from Rome.


  6. The New England (1540–1603) – discussing the Elizabethan era, the flowering of literature, overseas exploration, and the nation’s growing self-conscious identity.


  7. The Puritan Revolution (1603–1688) – recounting the Stuart monarchy, the Civil War, Cromwell’s Commonwealth, and the Glorious Revolution.


  8. Modern England (1688–1873) – reflecting on the age of constitutional monarchy, the Industrial Revolution, and the progress of political and social reforms.



Through these chapters, certain key themes emerge:

  • The growth of freedom:
    Green repeatedly traced how English liberties — trial by jury, parliamentary representation, local self-government — were slowly wrested from monarchs and aristocrats by the people. He saw this as the defining thread of English history.


  • Religion as a force for change:
    From the conversion to Christianity to the Protestant Reformation and the struggles of Nonconformists, religion is treated not only as spiritual doctrine but as a driving social and political force.


  • Rise of the common people:
    Green celebrated the gradual empowerment of the middle and working classes, the spread of education, and the improvement of living conditions.


  • National character:
    Though modern readers might be more cautious with such generalizations, Green was keen to describe a distinct “English character” that he saw as practical, liberty-loving, and independent. shutdown123

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